Format a pen drive

Today I'm going to tell you how to format a pen drive using command prompt.It's very easy.

• First go to comman prompt .Start-->Run.

• There will be a dialogbox, Type command prompt in the dialog box

• Then C:/documents and settings prompt will appear.

• Then type format x (x is the driver letter) and press ENTER

• After that you have to enter the volume lable of the pen drive correctly and press ENTER.

• Then a prompt will appear.Select Y (yes) command.

• Format will start.

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Sound Card

Functions of a Sound Card
**MIc In - to microphone
**Line In - this connectto a nonamplifide audio device
**Speaker out - to the speaker
**Line out - to external line in device(not to the speaker)
Generating Sound
When we insert a CD and open the sound file the above table moves to main memory.
The processor alongs with the speaaker generates physical movements which we here as sound.
Generating of sound is called Synthesize
*FM Synthesize *Wave Table Synthesize

**FM Synthesize(Frequency Modulation)
Individual sound sa,ples are generated by oscillators and are combined to form the complete sound .Most sound cards are Fm type.
Advantage
*Cheaper
*Low CPU utilitization
Disadvantage
*Low quality
**Wave Table Synthesize
Real world sound samples are stored in a ROM and are used to generate required soud
Advantage
*Good Sound Quality
Disadvantages
*Expensive
*Higher CPU utilitization

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Display your web site logo on the address bar

Do want to make your web site standout in crowded favorites lists in browsers and address bars with your logo? It's very easy you've to follow only Two steps only.
First step
you have to create a 16x16 pixels logo for your site; a very tiny logo to be specific. It should be saved as a Windows icon file (logo.ico for example).
When you have an icon file with your logo,then follow the last step.
Second step (Last step)
If you have access to the root of your web site, simply save your icon file as "logo.ico" there. For example, if your web site is "www.no1-tutorial.co.cc", your icon file should be available at "www.no1-tutorial.co.cc/logo.ico". The web browser will look for logo.ico whenever your site is added to the favorites list and if it is found at the root of your web site, the icon will appear next to the link to your site.

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Computer Backups

Backup your data on your computer is very important, here is the way how to create backups using Windows XP

1. First go to Start Menu
2. Then choose All Programs ==> Accessories ==> System Tools, and finally Backup
3. The Backup and Restore Wizard will appear. Here you can choose to either Backup or Restore
4. choose Backups and Click next
5. Then you must choose what to backup. Select the one you want and click next.
* My Documents and settings only
* Everyone's Documents and Settings
* All the information on your computer, making a complete recovery disk. (wow)
* Let me choose what to backup
A screen will appear according to your choice.
6. Then you have to choose where to save your backup file. ( usually save it on the desktop so we can transfer it to a disk for safe keeping.)
7. Click finish to start the backup process

Warnings

• Do not use a computer while a back-up is in progress. If you change a file during the back-up operation, you will not know which version was actually saved, or you could halt or corrupt the back-up. It will also slow your computer down.
• Do not leave your back-up media in an environment that has a tendency to get wet or is not climate controlled. Computer equipment is fairly sensitive, and there is a chance you will lose your back-ups.

Tips

• Backing up your computer can take a long time, especially if you have quite a bit of data you would like to keep. Plan the backup for a time that your computer will be on (or you purposefully leave it on), but a time that you will not be using the files.
• Set a schedule to backup all of your important files. Depending on how often you use your computer and the files change, you can set it in most program to run however often you like. Just remember to have media ready and the computer on when it is time for backups.
• Keep your back-ups in a safe place away from environmental hazards. Depending on how important it is, fire safes and safety deposit boxes are great places to keep back-up media. If they are not very critical, filing cabinets or desks are fine places.
• Make sure your back-up process completes successfully before using your computer again.

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Types of Backup

Backups are generally divided into the following categories.

• Full backup
• Differential backup
• Incremental backup
• Delta backup
• Logging

Full Backup

A complete set of all files you wish to back up. Think of this as your 'reference set'. You only need perform a full backup occasionally.The goal of full backup is to make a true copy of the data to be backed up on a separate medium like DVD ,CD etc... Because of large volumes of data, full backup can be slow and can cause availability problems because it creates long and intense and even expensive access disks, given the capacity that is necessary.

Incremental Backup

Incremental backup is a backup of those files which have changed since the last backup of any type.. This type of backup is more effective than a full backup because it focuses specifically on the modified files with a weaker storage space but, on the other hand, requires having previous backups in order to restore the full backup. Makes the job of restoring files fiddly, as you have to reinstall the last full backup first, then all subsequent incremental backups in the correct order; also makes it hard to locate a particular file in the backup set.

Differential Backup

Differential backup focuses specifically on the files that have been modified since the last full backup, which makes this backup slower and more expensive in storage space than an incremental backup but also more reliable because on the full backup is needed to restore the backed up data. Redundant information stored, because each backup stores much of the same information plus the latest information added or created since the last full backup. Subsequent differential backups take longer and longer as more files are changed

Delta Backup

Delta backup is an incremental backup of data elements with a fine data granularity,

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What is Intranet?

An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the WAN. Typically, an intranet includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet.
The main purpose of an intranet is to share company information and computing resources among employees.
General looks like a private version of the Internet.An intranet uses HTTp,TCP/IP and other Internet protocols.With tunneling, companies can send private messages through the public network, using the public network with special encryption/decryption and other security safeguards to connect one part of their intranet to another.

Typically, larger enterprises allow users within their intranet to access the public Internet through firewall servers that have the ability to screen messages in both directions so that company security is maintained.

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Find who is Invisible on Yahoo messenger

Sometimes some of your friends who appear offline in yahoo messenger may not be actually offline, they may in the 'Invisible' mode.

There is this small trick that you can use to find out what the truth is.

First open your yahoo messenger main window and double click on the name of the person whom you want to check. (The chat window will open obviously.)

Click IMVironment button, select See all IMVironments.
Then select Yahoo! Tools or Interactive Fun and click on Doodle.
After loading the Doodle imvironment there can be two possibilities

1.If the user is offline Doodle are will show this "waiting for your friend to load Doodle" continuously .
2. If the user is online (but in invisible mode), after few seconds (it can take up to one minute, depending on your connection speed), you should get a blank page. So you know that the user is online.

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speed up computer

Do you want to improve speed of your computer?Microsoft Windows boot up can be slow because of variety of issues.Here today I'm going to tell you various suggestions and tips that can help improve the overall speed of your computers startup.

Hard disk drive space

Make sure your computer hard disk drive has 250MB or more of available disk space.
Because if your computer does not have at least 250MB of free available hard disk drive space this can cause an overall slowdown with your computer as well as decrease the boot time.

Disable startup programs

One of the main causes of a slow boot in Windows is programs that are loading up as the computer starts up to remain active in memory are often.
Disabling programs you don't often use from automatically starting up each time the computer boots can increase the boot time.A program that makes managing your Windows startup programs easily is Mike Lin's Startup Control Panel. Using this program you can disable any program in any of the locations programs use to start themselves automatically.

Add memory (RAM)

You can increase overall speed of the computer by adding additional memory (RAM) to the computer and in some cases can also increase the load times of your computer. Today, I suggest all computers be running a minimum of 1GB of memory in their computer. If your computer is running less than this it may be time to upgrade.

Scandisk / Defrag

Running Microsoft ScanDisk and Defrag or similar disk utilities on the computer can help verify the hard disk drive has no errors as well as make sure the data on the hard disk drive is organized in the most efficient method.

Update drivers and Windows

Corrupt, incorrect, and/or out-of-date drivers can cause a number of different issues. Make sure your computer has the latest drivers as well as any available Microsoft Windows updates.

Format and reinstall

If after following all the above steps your computer still seems to be slow you may wan to erase everything from the computer and re-install Windows. This will clean your computer and make it like new.

Alternative solutions:

In addition to those steps recommended above if you use your computer frequently you may also want to consider either not turning off the computer or having your computer go into a hibernation mode when shutting it down or pressing the power button.

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Google Tips

**If you want to search about areas just visit Google Local enter the area you want to search and the keyword of the place you want to find.
Eg-if you want to search schools in your area just type schools at the above link would display local schools.

**If you want to Track airline flight ; Enter the airline and flight number to display the status of an airline flight and it's arrival time. For example, type: AirLanka 486 to display this flight information if available.

**If you want to get results only from certain file type- Add filetype: to your search to display results that only match a certain file type. For example, if you wanted to display PDF results only type: "dell xps" filetype:pdf -- (this way is good to find online manuals.)

**You can quickly get to a stock quote price, chart, and related links by typing the stock symbol in Google.

** Enter a full phone number with area code and find the name and address associated with that phone number.

**Group your search query to find better results. Eg-"Internet Tips"

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